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- Macroeconomics is the study of economy as a whole. As a field of study it analyzes the causes of major problems such as high unemployment, rampant inflation, low wages, low economic growth, and mounting trade deficits. It deals with both the short-term fluctuations in output, employment and prices that called the business cycle and the long-ten-n trends in output and standards of living called economic growth. It is, therefore, important to know about the forces that act behind growth and cycles for understanding the science of macroeconomics. Macroeconomic analysis attempts to explain why problems arise in an economy and how these problems can be dealt with. It is, therefore, indispensable for formulating and conducting macroeconomic policy. Macroeconomic policy operates within a framework of goals and constraints. The core objectives of a macroeconomic policy include high output level, full employment, stable prices, trade balance, rapid economic growth, etc. Generally, economists measure the macroeconomic performance by examining some of the key variables — Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the unemployment rate, and inflation. Thus, macroeconomic analysis involves study and analysis of these key variables.